ABSTRACT
Tumor microenvironment is one of the key factors affecting the prognosis of malignant tumors, and tertiary lymphoid structures are a new target for enhancing anti-tumor immunity in the local microenvironment. There are lymphocyte aggregates similar to tertiary lymphoid structures in the skin, suggesting the possibility of their existence in many skin diseases. Previous studies have confirmed the existence of tertiary lymphoid structures in malignant melanoma and their associations with a better prognosis of patients. This review summarizes the progress in skin-associated lymphoid tissues, tertiary lymphoid structures and function in malignant melanoma, and the role of tertiary lymphoid structures in the evaluation of prognosis of patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To summarize the clinical characteristics of coarctation of the aorta(CoA) associated with intracardiac anomalies in infants.@*Methods@#The data from August 2009 to August 2017 of 86 infants who were diagnosed with CoA associated with intracardiac anomalies. Preoperative diagnosis, surgical findings and post-operation follow-up were analyzed retrospectively. There were 56 boys an 30 girls, aqed(95.1±78.0) days, weight(4.6±1.2) kg. Anatomical types included 37 cases of pre-ductal CoA, 44 cases of peri-ducutal CoA, and 5 cases of post-ductal CoA. And this group also included 73 infants complicating VSD, 59 infants complicating ASD, 2 infants complicating DORV, and 1 infant complicating TAPVC.@*Results@#All of the included patients underwent single-stage repair of CoA associated with intracardiac anomalies. Mean operative time was(279.0±56.4) min, mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was(162.3±51.0) min, and mean aorta cross-clamp time was(74.7±25.2) min. Mean length of ICU stay and ventilation time were(7.4±4.7) days and(101.1±75.4) hours, respectively. The residual transcoarctation gradient before discharge was lower than pre-operative transcoarctation gradient significantly [(42.3±17.7) mmHg vs.(22.1±9.4)mmHg, P<0.001], and 7 early deaths were observed after surgery. The mean follow-up time of 79 hospital survivors was(31.0±27.4) months, and no late death was found. Transcoarctation gradient of hospital survivors in the last time follow-up was(21.2±11.0)mmHg. Transcoarctation gradient of 29 cases was higher than 20 mmHg, however, only 4 cases with significant clinical symptom of lower limbs retardation were recommended for ballon angioplasty consultant. The cumulative recoarctation-free survival in 2-year follow-up was 69.2%.@*Conclusion@#To avoid early second-stage operations, single-stage repair of CoA associated with intracardiac anomalies was effective and safe, and the outcomes of early to mid term follow-up were satisfactory.
ABSTRACT
A rare case of esophageal atresia/tracheo-esophageal fistula (EA-TEF) with an associated tracheobronchial remnant (TBR) is reported and discussed herein. A 13-month-old patient was seen with a complaint of vomiting of solid food 1 year after EA-TEF repair. An esophagogram showed a tapered narrowing in the lower segment of the esophagus. A re-operation was carried out and a pathologic examination of the resected stenotic segment revealed the presence of a TBR.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Esophageal Atresia , Esophageal Stenosis , Esophagus , Fistula , VomitingABSTRACT
A rare case of esophageal atresia/tracheo-esophageal fistula (EA-TEF) with an associated tracheobronchial remnant (TBR) is reported and discussed herein. A 13-month-old patient was seen with a complaint of vomiting of solid food 1 year after EA-TEF repair. An esophagogram showed a tapered narrowing in the lower segment of the esophagus. A re-operation was carried out and a pathologic examination of the resected stenotic segment revealed the presence of a TBR.
ABSTRACT
Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of coarctation of the aorta( CoA) associated with intrac-ardiac anomalies in infants. Methods The data from August 2009 to August 2017 of 86 infants who were diagnosed with CoA associated with intracardiac anomalies. Preoperative diagnosis, surgical findings and post-operation follow-up were analyzed ret-rospectively. There were 56 boys an 30 girls, aqed(95. 1 ± 78. 0) days, weight(4. 6 ± 1. 2) kg. Anatomical types included 37 cases of pre-ductal CoA, 44 cases of peri-ducutal CoA, and 5 cases of post-ductal CoA. And this group also included 73 in-fants complicating VSD, 59 infants complicating ASD, 2 infants complicating DORV, and 1 infant complicating TAPVC. Re-sults All of the included patients underwent single-stage repair of CoA associated with intracardiac anomalies. Mean operative time was(279. 0 ± 56. 4) min, mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was(162. 3 ± 51. 0) min, and mean aorta cross-clamp time was(74.7 ±25.2) min. Mean length of ICU stay and ventilation time were(7.4 ±4.7) days and(101.1 ±75.4)hours, re-spectively. The residual transcoarctation gradient before discharge was lower than pre-operative transcoarctation gradient signifi-cantly[(42.3±17.7)mmHgvs.(22.1±9.4)mmHg,P<0.001],and7earlydeathswereobservedaftersurgery. The mean follow-up time of 79 hospital survivors was(31. 0 ± 27. 4) months, and no late death was found. Transcoarctation gradient of hospital survivors in the last time follow-up was(21.2 ±11.0)mmHg. Transcoarctation gradient of 29 cases was higher than 20 mmHg, however, only 4 cases with significant clinical symptom of lower limbs retardation were recommended for ballon an-gioplasty consultant. The cumulative recoarctation-free survival in 2-year follow-up was 69. 2％. Conclusion To avoid early second-stage operations, single-stage repair of CoA associated with intracardiac anomalies was effective and safe, and the out-comes of early to mid term follow-up were satisfactory.